Artificial intelligence in industrial heat exchanger fouling prediction: A 20-year systematic review of AI, ML, and DL approaches.

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Abdul Wahid Soomro , Miss Laiha Mat Kiah, Rafidah Md Noor, Salim Newaz Kazi, Kaleemullah Shaikh, Wajahat Ahmed Khan, Ihsan Ali :
Artificial intelligence in industrial heat exchanger fouling prediction: A 20-year systematic review of AI, ML, and DL approaches. ICT Express 12(1): 92-110 (2026)